Pattamadai Pai is a heritage item of India that holds immense historical and cultural value. This exquisite weaving craft, once gifted to Queen Elizabeth II by the Government of Tamil Nadu for her coronation in 1953, continues to be celebrated worldwide for its unique identity and craftsmanship. Let’s explore the journey and significance of Pattamadai Pai!
The name Pattamadai is derived from the village’s history of irrigation. Known for its eleven sluices, of which ten were intact, the name combines “pattu” (meaning ten) and “madai” (meaning sluice). This village has long been associated with the production of Pattamadai Pai, crafted from karungadukorai grass harvested from the banks of the Thamarabharani River.
The journey of Pattamadai Pai(mats) begins with the harvest of karungadukorai grass during specific months—September to October and February to March. Even today, artisans carefully harvest the grass, using only the outer part of the stem for weaving while the inside portion is removed with a sharp-edged knife.
The harvested strips of grass are dried in the sun until they turn a yellowish-green color. They are then boiled in a pot of water and dried again before being stacked into bundles and soaked in running water, causing the grass to increase in size by up to three times. Afterward, the grass is dried in the sun again, and the outer layer is separated and graded for weaving.
Once the grass is ready, the weaving process commences. Using a traditional floor loom, the weaver constructs the mats with a warp supported by a bamboo tripod known as “mukali” in Tamil. The weft, or crosswise yarns, is inserted through the needle and passed over and under the warp. Water is used to soften the grass during the weaving process, ensuring flexibility and ease of handling. After weaving, the mat is checked for any unevenness, dried in the sun, and polished with a stone to give it a sleek finish.
Both natural and chemical dyes are employed, depending on the design of the mat. Traditional Indian colors such as black, brown, indigo, red, and green are generally preferred. The mats can be woven in various styles, including coarse, medium, and fine weaves, each contributing to the distinct character of Pattamadai Pai.
Pattamadai silk mats are often used as floor coverings during festive occasions and religious ceremonies. They serve as seating mats and decorative pieces in homes, offices, and commercial spaces. Moreover, Pattamadai Pai is known for its environmental benefits, as the mats are soundproof and durable.
The craftsmanship and elegance of Pattamadai Pai also extend to wall hangings, table runners, and gift items. Traditionally, these mats were part of wedding trousseaus, with the names of the bride and groom along with the wedding date inscribed on the mat. This personal touch adds to the sentimental value of the mats, making them cherished heirlooms.
Pattamadai Pai has gained global recognition for its exceptional quality and cultural heritage. In 2013, it received the Geographical Indication (GI) tag, acknowledging its unique identity and craftsmanship. In recent years, it has been introduced in diplomatic circles, such as when the Prime Minister of India gifted Pattamadai Pai to counterparts and dignitaries at the 2022 QUAD summit in Japan.
Research conducted by a team from Rajalakshmi College of Engineering, led by Dr. Kalaiselvi, studied the density and structure of various types of mats (20 counts, 50 counts, 100, and 140 counts). They discovered that Pattamadai Pai mats have soundproofing properties, making them ideal for noise reduction in classrooms and recording studios.
These environmentally friendly mats are particularly suitable for hot and humid weather conditions, showcasing their durability and resilience. Traditionally woven as gifts for brides and grooms, these mats now benefit from both power looms and handlooms, allowing for greater accessibility while preserving the artistry inherent in Pattamadai weaving
Pattamadai Pai remains a cherished heritage craft that represents the rich cultural history of India. From its roots in the village of Pattamadai to its worldwide recognition, this craft continues to enchant people with its traditional weaving techniques, unique beauty, and versatile uses. Let’s celebrate and support this traditional artistry, ensuring that its legacy continues for generations to come.